tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-65789583645941621462024-03-18T13:03:47.360+07:00Pembahasan Soal-Soal Olimpiade AstronomiMariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.comBlogger87125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-15925237799025505452016-02-11T23:14:00.002+07:002016-02-11T23:14:59.556+07:00Soal OSW Kota Bandung 2016 dan KuncinyaSoal ini menjadi soal seleksi tingkat wilayah (OSW) di Kota Bandung.<br />
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Silahkan untuk menjadi bahan latihan soal-soal olimpiade astronomi. Soal disusun oleh Dosen IPBA UPI: Judhistira Aria Utama, M.Si.<br />
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<a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B27spzyUbOhkdnE3aTJESzhsQ2M">Link Soal</a><br />
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<a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=0B27spzyUbOhkRDFkSHAxbElTakU">Link Kunci</a><br />
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Selamat berlatih.Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com14tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-53455851388003887822016-01-25T03:21:00.000+07:002016-01-26T13:26:05.702+07:00SOAL-JAWAB OSK-OSP-OSN ASTRONOMI DLLFile-file dalam folder ini ada file yang merupakan hasil ketikan saya sendiri, ada juga yang di download dari situs-situs di internet.<br />
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<b><span style="color: red;">Hak cipta soal oleh Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan RI, dilindungi oleh Undang-Undang.</span></b><br />
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File-file solusi boleh dipakai, diedit dan disebarkan <b><span style="color: blue;">dengan bebas</span></b>, asalkan <span style="color: red;"><b>tidak diperjualbelikan atau menjadi sumber keuntungan finansial dalam bentuk apapun</b></span> dan mohon menyertakan <b><span style="color: blue;">nama pembuat solusinya.</span></b><br />
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Semua solusi buatan saya <b><span style="color: #274e13;">TIDAK DIJAMIN KEBENARANNYA, BUKAN SOLUSI RESMI dan BISA SAJA ADA YANG SALAH,</span></b> baik salah ketik maupun juga salah konsep.<br />
Jangan diterima bulat-bulat, periksa lagi dengan baik.<br />
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SEMOGA BERMANFAAT<br />
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<a href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B27spzyUbOhkQVpVWjl0RFpsUGM/view?usp=sharing">Link Unduh</a></div>
Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-18735181201213117462015-02-07T11:11:00.001+07:002015-02-07T11:11:42.752+07:00Solusi dan Pembahasan OSN Astronomi 2011<div style="-x-system-font: none; display: block; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 12px auto 6px auto;">
<a href="https://ml.scribd.com/doc/94876305/SOLUSI-OSN-2011" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View SOLUSI OSN 2011 on Scribd">SOLUSI OSN 2011</a> by <a href="https://www.scribd.com/mariano_nathanael" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Mariano Nathanael's profile on Scribd">Mariano Nathanael</a></div>
<iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.75" data-auto-height="false" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_14835" scrolling="no" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/94876305/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-oxiq63mrhdkizlbt0oz&show_recommendations=true" width="100%"></iframe>Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-64241530832818940392015-02-07T09:59:00.000+07:002015-02-07T09:59:10.998+07:00Solusi dan pembahasan OSK 2013 kode S3Langsung aja unduh dan pelajari, pasti membantu deh...
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<a href="https://ml.scribd.com/doc/91343390/Solusi-Osk-Astro-2012-Kode-s3" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Solusi Osk Astro 2012 - Kode s3 on Scribd">Solusi Osk Astro 2012 - Kode s3</a> by <a href="https://www.scribd.com/mariano_nathanael" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Mariano Nathanael's profile on Scribd">Mariano Nathanael</a></div>
<iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.75" data-auto-height="false" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_22911" scrolling="no" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/91343390/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-jf1vfngxh6r10vixger&show_recommendations=true" width="100%"></iframe>Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-1395777764139893732015-02-01T01:29:00.000+07:002015-02-01T01:29:41.266+07:00Soal dan Jawaban OSW Kota Bandung 2015Silahkan diunduh dan dipelajari sebagai persiapan masuk tingkat Kota... Soal-soalnya mantap dech!<br />
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<a href="https://id.scribd.com/doc/254296089/Soal-Dan-Jawaban-OSW-Kota-Bandung-2015" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Soal Dan Jawaban OSW Kota Bandung 2015 on Scribd">Soal Dan Jawaban OSW Kota Bandung 2015</a> by <a href="https://www.scribd.com/mariano_nathanael" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Mariano Nathanael's profile on Scribd">Mariano Nathanael</a></div>
<iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.7080062794348508" data-auto-height="false" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_86046" scrolling="no" src="https://www.scribd.com/embeds/254296089/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-lw2GsMvQV5cbP4j6gtHW&show_recommendations=true" width="100%"></iframe>Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-57971849471494295752015-01-23T01:33:00.004+07:002015-01-23T01:34:13.653+07:00Pengumuman OSW Astronomi Kota Bandung 2015<div style="text-align: justify;">
Diberitahukan kepada seluruh Sekolah SMA Negeri dan Swasta di Bandung bahwa Pelaksanaan Seleksi Olimpiade Sains Tingkat Wilayah di Kota Bandung tahun 2015 untuk Mata Lomba Astronomi akan dilaksanakan pada :<br />
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<b>HARI KAMIS, 29 JANUARI 2015</b></h3>
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<b>PUKUL 08.00</b></h3>
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dengan lokasi di :<br />
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KAMPUS ITENAS BANDUNG</h3>
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JL. PKH. MUSTOFA NO. 23 BANDUNG</h3>
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Pengumuman ini merevisi tempat yang disebutkan melalui Forum MGMP SMA no. I/07-F-MGMP SMA/2015 tertanggal 5 Januari 2015 yaitu di SMAN 2 Bandung.</div>
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Mohon setiap sekolah dapat mengirimkan terlebih dahulu nama lengkap peserta melalui email ke fpakotabandung@gmail.com.</div>
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Para peserta mempersiapkan alat tulis dan kalkulator scientific (tidak boleh memakai HP).</div>
Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-67475162639417818302014-03-26T14:19:00.001+07:002015-01-23T01:42:02.544+07:00SOLUSI OSK 2013Well, please download, read, learn and enjoy...<br />
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<a href="http://id.scribd.com/doc/214601014/Solusi-Osk-Astro-2013" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Solusi Osk Astro 2013 on Scribd">Solusi Osk Astro 2013</a> by <a href="http://www.scribd.com/mariano_nathanael" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Mariano Nathanael's profile on Scribd">Mariano Nathanael</a></div>
<iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.635658914728682" data-auto-height="false" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_43119" scrolling="no" src="//www.scribd.com/embeds/214601014/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-s966cg0k9azzo6flf4j&show_recommendations=true" width="100%"></iframe>Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-73176715018213298192014-03-21T20:23:00.002+07:002014-03-25T12:44:09.590+07:00File Presentasi Mekanika Benda LangitFile ini boleh dipakai untuk pelatihan, mau diubah/direvisi juga boleh supaya sesuai 'selera' dalam penampilannya.<br />
File ini adalah revisi saya sendiri, gabungan dari beberapa file power-point yang saya dapat dari internet dan dari file saya sendiri dan saya atur supaya sesuai dengan 'selera' saya jika sedang memberikan pelatihan.Isi file ini juga terbatas hanya membahas garis besar Hukum gravitasi Newton dan Hukum Kepler secara ringkas, tidak mendalam.<br />
Semoga juga bisa menjadi berkat<br />
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<div style="-x-system-font: none; display: block; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 12px auto 6px auto;">
<a href="http://id.scribd.com/doc/213682366/Mekanika-Benda-Langit-Gravitasi-Universal-Newton" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Mekanika Benda Langit - Gravitasi Universal Newton on Scribd">Mekanika Benda Langit - Gravitasi Universal Newton</a> by <a href="http://www.scribd.com/mariano_nathanael" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Mariano Nathanael's profile on Scribd">Mariano Nathanael</a></div>
<iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="1.33234859675037" data-auto-height="false" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_32421" scrolling="no" src="//www.scribd.com/embeds/213682366/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-1ls6ypn8xlnvxdia2ze8&show_recommendations=true" width="100%"></iframe>Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-61949912832941691242014-03-21T20:18:00.001+07:002014-03-25T12:40:18.778+07:00Soal-soal Mekanika Benda Langit IISoal-soal di bawah ini juga tentang Mekanika Benda Langit, bukan buatan saya, tapi saya hanya copas saja dari bukunya Profesor Yohanes Surya tentang persiapan olimpiade Fisika. Terimakasih buat Prof. Yohanes Surya<br />
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Banyak soal yang tingkat advance, bisa menjadi latihan yang baik bagi yang suka dengan soal-soal tantangan.<br />
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Semoga memberkati.<br />
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<a href="http://id.scribd.com/doc/213680441/Latihan-Soal-OSK-OSP-OSN-Astronomi-Gravitasi-Newton-Prof-Yo" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Latihan Soal OSK-OSP-OSN Astronomi - Gravitasi Newton - Prof Yo on Scribd">Latihan Soal OSK-OSP-OSN Astronomi - Gravitasi Newton - Prof Yo</a> by <a href="http://www.scribd.com/mariano_nathanael" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Mariano Nathanael's profile on Scribd">Mariano Nathanael</a></div>
<iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.635658914728682" data-auto-height="false" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_95418" scrolling="no" src="//www.scribd.com/embeds/213680441/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-1v7tm2eslad14v0q5rg5&show_recommendations=true" width="100%"></iframe>Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-17599022027629978612014-03-21T20:14:00.000+07:002014-03-21T20:14:44.819+07:00Latihan Soal Mekanika Benda LangitSoal-soal di bawah ini tentang Gravitasi Universal Newton.<br />
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Boleh dilatih cara memecahkan setiap soal, di bawah file saya berikan jawabannya, bukan pembahasannya karena semuanya bisa diselesaikan dengan fisika dan matematika SMA.<br />
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Silahkan diunduh, diubah, ditambahkan, boleh-boleh aja kok. Kalo ada yang kurang pas dan perlu direvisi bisa kita diskusikan lewat komen/email/SMS. Semoga bisa menjadi berkat...<br />
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<a href="http://id.scribd.com/doc/213681474/Latihan-Soal-OSK-OSP-OSN-Astronomi-Gravitasi-Newton" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Latihan Soal OSK-OSP-OSN Astronomi - Gravitasi Newton on Scribd">Latihan Soal OSK-OSP-OSN Astronomi - Gravitasi Newton</a> by <a href="http://www.scribd.com/mariano_nathanael" style="text-decoration: underline;" title="View Mariano Nathanael's profile on Scribd">Mariano Nathanael</a></div>
<iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.635658914728682" data-auto-height="false" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_13449" scrolling="no" src="//www.scribd.com/embeds/213681474/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-2dfrhaxmbtdblo99u03w&show_recommendations=true" width="100%"></iframe>Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com2tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-20623894063472783592013-06-03T12:58:00.002+07:002014-02-01T00:43:03.914+07:00Mencari Deklinasi Matahari<div style="text-align: justify;">
Deklinasi adalah 'ketinggian' atau jarak dari ekuator langit ke benda langit. Ekuator langit adalah perpanjangan ekuator Bumi ke bola langit. Jadi mirip dengan bola Bumi, ketinggian tertinggi dari ekuator adalah Kutub Utara (90 derajat Lintang Utara) dan Kutub Selatan (-90 derajat lintang selatan). Maka saja deklinasi terbesar adalah +90 derajat (di Kutub Langit Utara - titik tepat di atas Kutub Utara) atau -90 derajat (di Kutub Langit Selatan - titik tepat di atas Kutub Selatan). </div>
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Matahari dalam periode semu hariannya selalu memiliki deklinasi yang berubah-ubah di langit, hal ini dikarenakan kemiringan ekliptika (garis edar matahari tahunan) dengan ekuator langit adalah 23,5 derajat. Karena itu lintasan matahari tahunan miring terhadap ekuator langit sehingga matahari dapat mencapai deklinasi sebesar +23,5 derajat atau -23,5 derajat.<br />
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Jika deklinasi matahari positif artinya matahari sedang berada di daerah utara khatulistiwa, panjang siang di daerah utara akan lebih lama dari 12 jam. Demikian juga jika deklinasi matahari negatif artinya matahari sedang berada di daerah selatan khatulistiwa, panjang siang di daerah selatan akan lebih lama dari 12 jam. Jika deklinasi matahari 0 derajat, artinya matahari tepat berada di atas khatulistiwa, pada kasus ini panjang siang hari di semua tempat di bumi ini (kecuali daerah kutub) adalah tepat 12 jam.<br />
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Tabel perubahan deklinasi Matahari adalah sbb. :<br />
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Tanggal Deklinasi Matahari<br />
21/3 0 derajat<br />
22/6 + 23,5 derajat<br />
23/9 0 derajat<br />
22/12 - 23,5 derajat</div>
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Tidak seperti perubahan Asensiorekta Matahari yang berubah secara linier (selalu bertambah kira-kira 4 menit tiap hari), perubahan deklinasi matahari tidaklah linier, tetapi hampir menyerupai kurva trigonometri cosinus yang terbalik jika diplot dari 1 Januari sampai 31 Desember, perhatikan gambar perubahannya di bawah ini :<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOJ-z4gJeJ2iSB7SRHCXnpOkfsM5TftrBfEPXEwRhle2u_zKCieGeqsQ4UDrluQhm5RTHqN-G-Ijg_mkR0cceCEZCKuS4FYz3CLRdolStzhyphenhyphenRu0h-JQeOJHYVIeHcLjXSVByiKvBtUQ3o/s1600/Deklinasi+Matahari.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOJ-z4gJeJ2iSB7SRHCXnpOkfsM5TftrBfEPXEwRhle2u_zKCieGeqsQ4UDrluQhm5RTHqN-G-Ijg_mkR0cceCEZCKuS4FYz3CLRdolStzhyphenhyphenRu0h-JQeOJHYVIeHcLjXSVByiKvBtUQ3o/s400/Deklinasi+Matahari.jpg" height="197" width="400" /></a></div>
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Dengan menganggap kurva tersebut mendekati kurva trigonometri, maka P.I. Cooper membuat suatu rumus pendekatan untuk menentukan nilai deklinasi Matahari jika diketahui tanggal tertentu, yaitu :<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOkkMnWm-9oJjZEVvA1SnhIKYmDdTyU1faNrcYrXj-uAmxdtpSut6EYl5vkePoqa9iag-yT7kokdoiqPB4O14imkWPcXGZ2zyRSMWyKK2M3WLNZQV_flwgTMAX50Yspivh0fcfo8-GfZ8/s1600/Cooper+2.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgOkkMnWm-9oJjZEVvA1SnhIKYmDdTyU1faNrcYrXj-uAmxdtpSut6EYl5vkePoqa9iag-yT7kokdoiqPB4O14imkWPcXGZ2zyRSMWyKK2M3WLNZQV_flwgTMAX50Yspivh0fcfo8-GfZ8/s320/Cooper+2.jpg" height="77" width="320" /></a></div>
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atau bisa juga dengan rumus pendekatan Cooper yang lain :<br />
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<a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_sv2WrHNTVeVk7PRi1dUFhUjy9BqtVCUtk8_HihyphenhyphenwrfXhGAEQEid8w0fCwmiyArut1BXM6-66OyPqOXIiAy3Bp2rMJ6gOoLvkvA46P4xUdh_HsddFW8S5PXRBmOixrhKC7bVVs7jK7TI/s1600/Cooper+1.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_sv2WrHNTVeVk7PRi1dUFhUjy9BqtVCUtk8_HihyphenhyphenwrfXhGAEQEid8w0fCwmiyArut1BXM6-66OyPqOXIiAy3Bp2rMJ6gOoLvkvA46P4xUdh_HsddFW8S5PXRBmOixrhKC7bVVs7jK7TI/s1600/Cooper+1.jpg" /></a></div>
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N adalah bilangan hari dalam satu tahun, misalnya :<br />
tanggal 1 Januari memiliki nilai N = 1,<br />
tanggal 2 Januari memiliki nilai N = 2,<br />
tanggal 26 Juli memiliki nilai N = 207<br />
tanggal 31 Desember memiliki nilai N = 365<br />
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Meskipun hanya pendekatan, tetapi kedua rumus tersebut sangat baik untuk mencari deklinasi matahari dengan tingkat kesalahan di bawah 1 derajat.<br />
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Contoh Soal :<br />
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1. Hitunglah deklinasi matahari pada tanggal 26 Juli 2011 pukul 12.00 waktu lokal!</div>
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Jawab :</div>
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26 Juli memiliki nilai N sebesar 207, yaitu dari N = 31 + 28 + 31 + 30 + 31 + 30 + 26</div>
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Maka masukkan ke dalam rumus Cooper, diperoleh deklinasi sebesar 19,378 derajat.</div>
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Nilai deklinasi matahari pada tanggal tersebut menurut beberapa sumber :</div>
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- Sun Declination Calculator di <a href="http://nancocad.com/sundec/sundec.htm">http://nancocad.com/ sundec/sundec.htm</a> adalah 19,445 derajat,</div>
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- NOAA'S Solar Calculatordi <a href="http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/solcalc/">http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/solcalc/</a> adalah 19,45 derajat,</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- Sun Position Calculator di <a href="http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunlight/sun-position-calculator">http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunlight/sun-position-calculator</a> adalah 19,38 derajat</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- Solar Position Calculator di <a href="http://wiki.naturalfrequency.com/wiki/Solar_Position_Calculator">http://wiki.naturalfrequency.com/wiki/Solar_Position_Calculator</a> adalah 19,648 derajat</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- Java script sun table calculator di <a href="http://www.jgiesen.de/astro/astroJS/sunriseJS/">http://www.jgiesen.de/astro/astroJS/sunriseJS/</a> adalah 19,446 derajat</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- Algoritma Meeus yang dirumuskan melalui fungsi Excell oleh DR. Rinto Nugraha (Dosen Fisika UGM) adalah 19,5097 derajat</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Terlihat bahwa hasil pendekatan rumus Cooper tidak berbeda jauh dengan sumber-sumber di atas.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
2. Tanggal 10 Mei 2013 terjadi gerhana matahari cincin yang puncaknya pukul 07.28 WIB. Perkirakan deklinasi bulan pada saat itu !</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Jawab :</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Pada saat gerhana matahari, tentu saja bulan tepat berimpit dengan matahari sehingga koordinat asensiorekta dan deklinasinya persis sama.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
10 Mei memiliki nilai N sebesar 130, masukkan ke rumus Cooper diperoleh deklinasi matahari = 17,516 derajat</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Nilai deklinasi matahari pada tanggal tersebut menurut beberapa sumber :</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- Sun Declination Calculator di <a href="http://nancocad.com/sundec/sundec.htm">http://nancocad.com/ sundec/sundec.htm</a> adalah 17,6097 derajat,</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- NOAA'S Solar Calculatordi <a href="http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/solcalc/">http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/solcalc/</a> adalah 17,61 derajat,</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- Sun Position Calculator di <a href="http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunlight/sun-position-calculator">http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunlight/sun-position-calculator</a> adalah 17,52 derajat</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- Solar Position Calculator di <a href="http://wiki.naturalfrequency.com/wiki/Solar_Position_Calculator">http://wiki.naturalfrequency.com/wiki/Solar_Position_Calculator</a> adalah 17,328 derajat</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- Java script sun table calculator di <a href="http://www.jgiesen.de/astro/astroJS/sunriseJS/">http://www.jgiesen.de/astro/astroJS/sunriseJS/</a> adalah 17,611 derajat</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- Algoritma Meeus yang dirumuskan melalui fungsi Excell oleh DR. Rinto Nugraha (Dosen Fisika UGM) adalah 17,5331 derajat</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
<br /></div>
Terlihat bahwa hasil pendekatan rumus Cooper tidak berbeda jauh dengan sumber-sumber di atas.<br />
<br />
3. Kita coba satu lagi. Pada pukul 10.55 UTC tanggal 8 Oktober 2014 akan terjadi gerhana bulan total. Perkirakan deklinasi bulan saat itu!<br />
<br />
<div style="text-align: left;">
Jawab :</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Pada saat gerhana bulan, tentu saja deklinasi bulan adalah negatif dari deklinasi matahari karena posisi bulan dan matahari bertolak belakang.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
8 Oktober memiliki nilai N sebesar 281, masukkan ke rumus Cooper diperoleh deklinasi matahari = - 6,9579 derajat, maka deklinasi Bulan pada saat itu adalah + 6,9579 derajat.</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Nilai deklinasi matahari pada tanggal tersebut menurut beberapa sumber :</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- Sun Declination Calculator di <a href="http://nancocad.com/sundec/sundec.htm">http://nancocad.com/ sundec/sundec.htm</a> adalah - 5,9419 derajat,</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- NOAA'S Solar Calculatordi <a href="http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/solcalc/">http://www.esrl.noaa.gov/gmd/grad/solcalc/</a> adalah - 5,94 derajat,</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- Sun Position Calculator di <a href="http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunlight/sun-position-calculator">http://pveducation.org/pvcdrom/properties-of-sunlight/sun-position-calculator</a> adalah - 6,96 derajat</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- Solar Position Calculator di <a href="http://wiki.naturalfrequency.com/wiki/Solar_Position_Calculator">http://wiki.naturalfrequency.com/wiki/Solar_Position_Calculator</a> adalah -5,621 derajat</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- Java script sun table calculator di <a href="http://www.jgiesen.de/astro/astroJS/sunriseJS/">http://www.jgiesen.de/astro/astroJS/sunriseJS/</a> adalah - 5,942 derajat</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
- Algoritma Meeus yang dirumuskan melalui fungsi Excell oleh DR. Rinto Nugraha (Dosen Fisika UGM) adalah - 5,83083 derajat</div>
<div style="text-align: left;">
Catatan : Deklinasi Bulan adalah negatifnya deklinasi matahari pada saat puncak gerhana bulan total.</div>
Terlihat bahwa hasil pendekatan rumus Cooper tidak berbeda jauh dengan sumber-sumber di atas (selisihnya mencapai sekitar 1 derajat).<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
</div>
Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com11tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-75211077852582712592013-06-01T19:20:00.000+07:002016-01-26T13:30:11.943+07:00Mencari tanggal dari LST dan LTSOAL :<br />
Jika diketahui pada suatu lokasi, waktu bintang LST = 18.00 dan waktu matahari lokal LT = 08.00, tanggal berapakah waktu itu?<br />
<br />
<br />
JAWAB :<br />
<br />
<u>Beberapa Definisi</u> :<br />
LST adalah waktu bintang, menyatakan posisi titik Aries di langit (tepatnya di lingkaran ekuator).<br />
LST = 0 artinya Titik Aries sedang kulminasi atas (transit),<br />
LST = 6 jam artinya titik Aries berada di titik Barat,<br />
LST = 12 jam artinya Titik Aries sedang ada di kulminasi bawah,<br />
LST = -6 jam = 18 jam artinya titik Aries ada di titik Timur<br />
<div>
<br />
LT adalah waktu matahari, menyatakan posisi Matahari di langit (tapi yang dipakai matahari fiktif, bukan matahari sebenarnya)<br />
LT = 0 artinya Matahari sedang kulminasi bawah (jam 12 malam atau jam 24.00 atau jam 00.00)<br />
LT = 6 jam artinya matahari kira-kira sedang ada di daerah timur (belum tentu tepat di titik Timur)<br />
LT = 12 jam artinya matahari sedang kulminasi atas atau transit (jam 12 siang)<br />
LT = 18 jam artinya matahari kira-kira sedang ada di daerah barat (belum tentu tepat di titik Barat)<br />
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Titik Aries dan Matahari berimpit di langit hanya pada saat <i>vernal equinox</i> yang kira-kira terjadi pada tanggal 20 atau 21 Maret, tiap tahun selalu berubah jamnya karena periode ini akan berulang setelah 365,24219 hari (disebut tahun tropis) dan pengaruh aturan kabisat yang bertujuan mempertahankan <i>vernal equinox</i> harus terjadi di sekitar tanggal 20 atau 21 maret setiap tahun.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Periode semu harian Titik Aries dan Matahari berbeda kira-kira sekitar 4 menit setiap harinya. Periode semu harian matahari adalah tepat 24 jam (untuk matahari fiktif) dan periode semu harian Titik Aries 23 jam 56 menit. Jadi keesokan harinya setelah <i>vernal equinox</i>, Matahari tidak lagi berimpit dengan Titik Aries, tetapi ketinggalan dibelakang Titik Aries sejauh kira-kira 4 menit, besoknya lagi ketinggalan sejauh 8 menit dan demikian seterusnya sampai akhirnya bertemu kembali di langit setelah 1 tahun tropis. Jika menggunakan istilah koordinat ekuator langit, asensiorekta matahari bertambah positif 4 menit setiap hari.</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
<u>Menjawab Soal</u></div>
Mencari tanggal (secara pendekatan) jika diketahui LST dan LT ada dua macam cara, yaitu cara pertama dengan tabel selisih LST dan LT, cara kedua dengan tabel Asensio Rekta Matahari. Kita bahas satu-satu:<br />
<br />
<u>Cara Pertama : Selisih LST dan LT</u><br />
Jam Bintang (LST dan LT) tiap hari memiliki selisih yang tetap untuk setiap tanggal setiap tahun. Hafalkan tabel di bawah ini :<br />
<br />
Tanggal LT LST (LST-LT)<br />
21/3 00.00 12.00 12.00<br />
22/6 00.00 18.00 18.00<br />
23/9 00.00 00.00 00.00<br />
22/12 00.00 06.00 06.00<br />
<br />
Dengan bekal tabel di atas, kita kembali ke soal yang menyatakan LST = 18.00 dan LT = 08.00, jadi :<br />
1. Cari selisih LST dan LT di soal, diperoleh 10.00.<br />
2. Cari tanggal terdekat dari selisih tersebut, yaitu tanggal 21 Maret dengan LST-LT =12.00<br />
3. Cari selisih LST-LT di soal dengan di tanggal, diperoleh 2 jam sebelum 21 Maret<br />
4. Bagi nilai tersebut dengan 4 menit/hari, jadi 2 jam dibagi dengan 4 menit/hari, diperoleh 30 hari, artinya tanggal pengamatan jatuh 30 hari sebelum 21 Maret, yaitu tanggal 19 Februari.<br />
<br />
<br />
<u>Cara Kedua : Tabel Asensiorekta Matahari</u><br />
Setiap hari Asensiorekta Matahari bertambah kira-kira 4 menit, jadi hafalkan tabel asensiorekta matahari di bawah ini :<br />
<br />
Tanggal AR Matahari<br />
21/3 00.00<br />
22/6 06.00<br />
<div>
23/9 12.00</div>
<div>
22/12 18.00</div>
<div>
<br /></div>
<div>
Dengan bekal tabel di atas, kita kembali ke soal yang menyatakan LST = 18.00 dan LT = 08.00, jadi :</div>
1. Cari HA Matahari dengan rumus : HA = LT - 12.00, jadi HA = 08.00 - 12.00 = -04.00 = 20.00<br />
2. Cari Asensiorekta Matahari dengan rumus : AR = LST - HA, jadi AR = 18.00 - 20.00 = -02.00=22.00<br />
3. Cari tanggal terdekat dari AR matahari tersebut, yaitu tanggal 21 Maret dengan AR = 00.00<br />
4. Cari selisih AR matahari di langkah sebelumnya dengan AR matahari di tabel, jadi : 00.00-22.00 = 02.00<br />
5. Bagi nilai tersebut dengan 4 menit/hari, jadi 2 jam dibagi dengan 4 menit/hari, diperoleh 30 hari, artinya tanggal pengamatan jatuh 30 hari sebelum 21 Maret, yaitu tanggal 19 Februari.<br />
<br />
Nah, anda lebih suka cara yang mana? Hasilnya sama saja kok...<br />
(sekali lagi ini hanya cara pendekatan saja, tapi cukup berguna untuk dipakai menjawab soal-soal OSN Astronomi)<br />
<br />
Latihan :<br />
1. Cari tanggal pengamatan yang menunjukkan LT = 19.00 dan LST = 18.00.<br />
Jawabannya : tanggal 8 September<br />
2. Cari tanggal pengamatan yang menunjukkan LT = 06j 20m 32s dengan LST = 14j 23m 56s<br />
Jawabannya : tanggal 21 Januari<br />
<br />
Contoh pemakaian teknik ini di OSN bisa untuk mencari tanggal pada soal essay OSN 2009 no. 2, soal essay OSP 2010 no. 6, atau soal PG OSP 2012 no.3, tapi dengan beberapa cara kalian harus bisa mendapatkan dulu nilai LST yang tidak diberi tahu di soal, setelah LST dapat baru lanjutkan dengan teknik di atas.</div>
Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com9tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-74232799788347590102013-05-07T08:56:00.004+07:002015-01-23T01:47:20.699+07:00SOAL LATIHAN OSP 2013Silahkan coba dikerjakan soalnya dan cocokkan dengan jawabannya. Soal-soalnya diambil dari soal astronomi tingkat wilayah 2013 yang diujikan di Kota Bandung sebelum pelaksanaan OSK 2013.<br />
<br />
Saya tidak membuatkan solusi pembahasannya, silahkan dikerjakan sendiri dan cocokkan dengan jawaban saya. Jika ada yang tidak mengerti atau berbeda jawabannya boleh kita diskusikan.<br />
<br />
JAWABAN :<br />
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">10<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 75.0pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">E<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">11<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">B<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.9pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">12<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 75.0pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">E<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">13<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 75.0pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.9pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">14<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 75.0pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">C<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.9pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">15<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 75.0pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.9pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">16<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 75.0pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">A<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.9pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">17<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 75.0pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">E<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.9pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">18<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 75.0pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">E<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.9pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">19<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 75.0pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">D<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 26.9pt;" valign="top" width="36">
<div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">20<o:p></o:p></span></div>
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<td style="border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 75.0pt;" valign="top" width="100">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; text-justify: inter-ideograph;">
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-size: 9.0pt;">D<o:p></o:p></span></div>
</td>
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<br />
Soal bisa diunduh lewat scribd.com di bawah ini :<br />
<a href="http://id.scribd.com/doc/139855077/Soal-Latihan-Astronomi-Persiapan-Osp-2013" title="View Soal Latihan Astronomi Persiapan Osp 2013 on Scribd">Soal Latihan Astronomi Persiapan Osp 2013</a> by <a href="http://id.scribd.com/mariano_nathanael" title="View mariano_nathanael's profile on Scribd">mariano_nathanael</a><br />
<iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.653623188405797" data-auto-height="false" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_66079" scrolling="no" src="http://www.scribd.com/embeds/139855077/content?start_page=1&view_mode=scroll&access_key=key-1dqov21dvs6msxx03k8a" width="100%"></iframe>Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com7tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-63427420095498265152013-04-08T18:53:00.001+07:002014-02-01T00:43:20.353+07:00Hasil OSK Astronomi 2013 Kota Bandung Hasil OSK Astronomi Kota Bandung sudah keluar, yang diambil nilai 3 besar. Unduh saja lewat <a href="http://fpakotabandung.blogspot.com/2013/04/ini-dia-yang-ditunggu-tunggu-hasil-osk.html">blog FPA Kota Bandung</a>.Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-46807567852008674322013-03-12T08:09:00.002+07:002013-04-08T22:09:44.726+07:00Info Kegiatan Olimpiade Astronomi<span style="font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16px;">Di Bandung akan diadakan kegiatan keastronomian oleh Forum Pembina Astronomi (FPA) Kota Bandung yang berhubungan dengan Olimpiade Sains Nasional (OSN) bidang Astronomi tahun 2013 sbb. :</span><br />
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1363045186494_10191" style="font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16px;">
<br />
1. Pada hari Sabtu tanggal 16 Maret 2013 akan diadakan pelatihan pembahasan soal-soal olimpiade astronomi di ITENAS Jl. PHH. Mustopha no. 23 Bandung dimulai dari jam 07.30 - 14.00 WIB. Perorang membayar Rp 20.000,00 (max 10 murid + guru pembimbing) untuk ATK, sertifikat, materi, konsumsi makan siang dan snack. Konfirmasi kehadiran bisa melalui :</div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1363045186494_10191" style="font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16px;">
Dra. Lily Amalia (081122490330)</div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1363045186494_10191" style="font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16px;">
Meity Farida, S.Pd. (081312531728)</div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1363045186494_10191" style="font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16px;">
Mariano N. (081910581847)</div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1363045186494_10191" style="font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16px;">
Jangan lupa siswa membawa Scientific Calculator.</div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1363045186494_10196" style="font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16px;">
<br /></div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1363045186494_10197" style="font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16px;">
2. Pada hari minggu tanggal 24 Maret 2013 akan diadakan Olimpiade astronomi seleksi Wilayah (khusus Bandung) di tempat yang sama dimulai jam 08.00 dan dapat diikuti oleh max 10 orang peserta (dari siswa) dari setiap sekolah.<br />
Dari seleksi ini akan diambil 80 besar untuk masuk Olimpiade Tingkat Kota Bandung . Biaya pendaftaran sekitar Rp 25.000/orang, pendaftarannya bisa dilakukan pada acara tanggal 16 Maret nanti.</div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1363045186494_10197" style="font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16px;">
<br /></div>
<div id="yui_3_7_2_1_1363045186494_10197" style="font-family: 'times new roman', 'new york', times, serif; font-size: 16px;">
3. Olimpiade Astronomi Seleksi tingkat Kota di Bandung akan dilaksanakan pada tanggal 3 April.</div>
Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-6396210284147825852012-04-21T23:23:00.000+07:002012-04-21T23:34:09.901+07:00Hasil OSK 2012 Kota BandungForum Pembina Astronomi (FPA) di Kota Bandung telah mempublikasikan hasil OSK Astronomi 2012 yang dilaksanakan di Kota Bandung pada tanggal 4 April 2012.<br />
Langsung saja ke <a href="http://fpakotabandung.blogspot.com/2012/04/hasil-osk-astronomi-2012-di-kota.html">blog FPA Kota Bandung</a> kalo mau melihat dan mengunduh filenya.Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-47285011545039565212012-04-06T23:45:00.000+07:002012-04-06T23:45:21.072+07:00Solusi dan Pembahasan OSN Astronomi 2009Silahkan di pelajari solusi saya ini untuk OSN Astro 2009<br />
<br />
Link 4shared : <a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/7Mw0wWSX/SOLUSI_OSN_ASTRO_2009.html">disini</a><br />
<br />
Link Scribd.com :<br />
<br />
<a title="View Solusi Osn Astro 2009 on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/88283797/Solusi-Osn-Astro-2009" style="margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block; text-decoration: underline;">Solusi Osn Astro 2009</a><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" src="http://www.scribd.com/embeds/88283797/content?start_page=1&view_mode=list&access_key=key-1regwmhs8ws4smi6v1yx" data-auto-height="true" data-aspect-ratio="0.636174636174636" scrolling="no" id="doc_47175" width="100%" height="600" frameborder="0"></iframe>Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-31864781557448830902012-03-13T14:00:00.000+07:002012-03-13T14:00:30.936+07:00Solusi dan Pembahasan OSP Astronomi 2009Silahkan didownload dan dipelajari solusi yang satu ini.<br />
Link Unduh 4shared <a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/F-GfMFpN/SOLUSI_OSP_ASTRONOMI_2009.html">disini</a><br />
Link Unduh Scribd.com :<br />
<a title="View SOLUSI OSP ASTRONOMI 2009 on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/85154197/SOLUSI-OSP-ASTRONOMI-2009" style="margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block; text-decoration: underline;">SOLUSI OSP ASTRONOMI 2009</a><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" src="http://www.scribd.com/embeds/85154197/content?start_page=1&view_mode=list&access_key=key-f36tr8ot2a3v7yljliw" data-auto-height="true" data-aspect-ratio="0.636174636174636" scrolling="no" id="doc_55035" width="100%" height="600" frameborder="0"></iframe>Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-7156106473545021642012-01-25T14:11:00.001+07:002012-01-30T17:25:18.644+07:00Solusi dan Pembahasan Soal OSN Astronomi tahun 2008Silahkan diunduh dan dipelajari pembahasan OSN 2008 di bawah ini.<br />
Link 4shared : <a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/W2mPFYQx/SOLUSI_OSN_ASTRO_2008.html?">disini</a><br />
Link scribd.com :<br />
<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/79309543/SOLUSI-OSN-ASTRO-2008" style="-x-system-font: none; display: block; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 12px auto 6px auto; text-decoration: underline;" title="View SOLUSI OSN ASTRO 2008 on Scribd">SOLUSI OSN ASTRO 2008</a><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.607142857142857" data-auto-height="true" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_27597" scrolling="no" src="http://www.scribd.com/embeds/79309543/content?start_page=1&view_mode=list&access_key=key-1hjf5oedkej4knlwuqdy" width="100%"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">
(function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "http://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })();
</script>Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-39186947462137324522011-12-21T13:24:00.002+07:002011-12-21T13:32:22.839+07:00Gelombang ElektromagnetikSumber informasi utama dalam mempelajari alam semesta adalah gelombang elektromagnetik. Gelombang ini terdiri dari berbagai jenis gelombang yang biasanya dikelompokkan dalam 7 kelompok, yaitu gelombang radio,gelombang mikro, gelombang inframerah, gelombang cahaya tampak, gelombang ultraviolet, gelombang sinar X dan gelombang sinar gamma. Tabel di bawah ini memberi rincian dari berbagai gelombang tersebut<br />
<br />
<br />
<div align="center"> <table border="1" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="MsoTableGrid" style="border-bottom-style: none; border-collapse: collapse; border-color: initial; border-image: initial; border-left-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-width: initial; width: 595px;"><tbody>
<tr> <td style="background: #00B0F0; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.05pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span style="color: #4c1130;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Jenis Gelombang</span></b><b><span style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></b></span></div></td> <td style="background: #00B0F0; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Pembagian<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #00B0F0; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Frekuensi<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #00B0F0; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Panjang Gelombang<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #00B0F0; border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Energi<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #F79646; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.05pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Sinar Gamma<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #F79646; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><br />
</div></td> <td style="background: #F79646; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">> 30 Ehz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #F79646; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">< 10 pm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #F79646; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent6; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">> 124 keV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #B6DDE8; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.05pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Sinar X<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #B6DDE8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Hard X-Ray<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #B6DDE8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">3 EHz – 30 Ehz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #B6DDE8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">100 – 10 pm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #B6DDE8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">12,4-124 keV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #B6DDE8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Soft X-Ray<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #B6DDE8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">30 PHz – 3 Ehz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #B6DDE8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">10 nm – 100 pm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #B6DDE8; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent5; mso-background-themetint: 102; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">124 eV – 12,4 keV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td rowspan="2" style="background: #8165A3; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.05pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Ultra Violet<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #8165A3; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Extreme UV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #8165A3; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">3 PHz – 30 PHz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #8165A3; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">100 nm – 10 nm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #8165A3; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">12,4 – 124 eV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #8165A3; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Near UV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #8165A3; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">789 THz – 3 PHz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #8165A3; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">380 nm – 100 nm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #8165A3; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">3 – 12,4 eV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td rowspan="7" style="background: #C2D69B; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 153; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.05pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Cahaya Tampak<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #B2A1C7; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent4; mso-background-themetint: 153; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Violet<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #B2A1C7; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent4; mso-background-themetint: 153; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">668-789 THz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #B2A1C7; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent4; mso-background-themetint: 153; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">450-380 nm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td rowspan="7" style="background: #C2D69B; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: accent3; mso-background-themetint: 153; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">1,24 – 3 eV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #548DD4; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text2; mso-background-themetint: 153; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Biru<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #548DD4; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text2; mso-background-themetint: 153; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">631-668 THz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #548DD4; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: text2; mso-background-themetint: 153; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">475-450 nm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #45B5CF; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Cyan<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #45B5CF; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">606-631 THz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #45B5CF; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">495-476 nm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #92D050; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Hijau<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #92D050; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">526-606 Tz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #92D050; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">570-495 nm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Kuning<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">508-526 THz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">590-570 nm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #FFC000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Jingga/Oranye<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFC000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">484-508 THz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #FFC000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">620-590 nm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: red; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Merah<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: red; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">400-484 THz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: red; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">750-620 nm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background: #C00000; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.05pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Inframerah<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Near Infrared<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -4.9pt; margin-right: -4.35pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">30 THz – 400 THz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">5 μm – 700 nm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">124 meV – 1,24 eV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Mid Infrared<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">3 THz – 30 THz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">(25-40) – 5 μm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">12,4 – 124 meV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Far Infrared<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">300 GHz – 3 THz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -6.45pt; margin-right: -9.25pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">(200-350)–(25-40) μm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C00000; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">1,24 – 12,4 meV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td rowspan="3" style="background: yellow; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.05pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Gelombang Mikro<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div></td> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Extremely High Frekuency (EHF)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -4.9pt; margin-right: -4.35pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">30 GHz – 300 GHz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">1 cm – 1 mm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">124 μeV – 1,24 meV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Super High Frequency (SHF)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">3 GHz – 30 GHz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">10 cm – 1 cm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">12,4 – 124 μeV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Ultra High Frequency (UHF)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -4.9pt; margin-right: -4.35pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">300 MHz – 3 GHz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">1 m – 10 cm<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: yellow; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">1,24 – 12,4 μeV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td rowspan="5" style="background: #C4BC96; border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.05pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Gelombang Radio<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></div></td> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Very High Frequency (VHF)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -4.9pt; margin-right: -4.35pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">30 MHz–300 MHz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">10 m – 1 m<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">124 neV – 1,24 μeV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">High Frequency (HF)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">3 MHz – 30 MHz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">100 m – 10 m<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">12,4 neV – 124 neV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Medium Frequency (MF)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">300 kHz – 3 MHz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">1 km – 100 m<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">1,24 neV – 12,4 neV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Low Frequency (LF)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: -4.9pt; margin-right: -4.35pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">30 kHz – 300 kHz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">10 km – 1 km<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">124 peV – 1,24 neV<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> </tr>
<tr> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 80.2pt;" width="107"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">Very Low Frquency (VLF)<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 93.0pt;" width="124"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">3 kHz – 30 kHz<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 91.95pt;" width="123"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">100 km – 10 km<o:p></o:p></span></span></div></td> <td style="background: #C4BC96; border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; mso-background-themecolor: background2; mso-background-themeshade: 191; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 101.05pt;" width="135"> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-align: center;"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: "Comic Sans MS"; font-size: 10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><span style="color: #4c1130;">12,4 – 124 peV</span><o:p></o:p></span></div></td> </tr>
</tbody></table></div><br />
<div style="text-align: -webkit-center;"><div style="text-align: -webkit-auto;"><br />
</div></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: inherit;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Pada beberapa referensi, nilai-nilai pada tabel di atas ada perbedaan meskipun kecil. Dalam astronomi gelombang mikro kadang-kadang dimasukkan ke dalam kelompok gelombang radio. Khusus untuk gelombang cahaya tampak biasanya dinyatakan dalam satuan Amstrong (1 </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Å</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> = 10<sup>-10 </sup>m), atau besarnya diantara 4500 </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Å</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;"> – 7500 </span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">Å. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">Hubungan frekuensi dengan panjang gelombang dari gelombang elektromagnetik ad</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">a</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">lah</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">sbb</span><span style="font-size: 12pt;">. </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;">:</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 12pt;"> </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; position: relative; top: 10pt;"><v:shapetype coordsize="21600,21600" filled="f" id="_x0000_t75" o:preferrelative="t" o:spt="75" path="m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe" stroked="f"> <v:stroke joinstyle="miter"> <v:formulas> <v:f eqn="if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 1 0"> <v:f eqn="sum 0 0 @1"> <v:f eqn="prod @2 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="prod @3 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @0 0 1"> <v:f eqn="prod @6 1 2"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelWidth"> <v:f eqn="sum @8 21600 0"> <v:f eqn="prod @7 21600 pixelHeight"> <v:f eqn="sum @10 21600 0"> </v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:f></v:formulas> <v:path gradientshapeok="t" o:connecttype="rect" o:extrusionok="f"> <o:lock aspectratio="t" v:ext="edit"> </o:lock></v:path></v:stroke></v:shapetype><v:shape id="_x0000_i1025" style="height: 25.5pt; width: 25.5pt;" type="#_x0000_t75"> <v:imagedata chromakey="white" o:title="" src="file:///C:\Users\EeePc\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.png"> </v:imagedata></v:shape></span><span style="font-size: 15pt;"> c = </span></span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">λ.f</span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 15pt;">, </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;">dengan c adalah kecepatan cahaya (c = </span><span style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;">2,9979 </span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family: inherit; font-size: 12pt;"> x 10<sup>8</sup> m/s), </span><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 12pt;">λ adalah panjang gelombang dan f adalah frekuensi gelombang.</span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">Dari berbagai jenis gelombang elektromagnetik ini, ternyata seluruhnya dipancarkan oleh sebuah bintang dan seluruh benda-benda di alam semesta, bahkan alam semesta sendiri memberikan pancaran gelombang elektromagnetik yang disebut Radiasi Latar Belakang meskipun dengan intensitas yang berbeda-beda untuk setiap panjang gelombangnya. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">Sebagai contoh misalnya Bintang Betelgeuse, salah satu bintang yang terang di rasi Orion, adalah sebuah bintang yang memiliki temperatur efektif sekitar 3500 K, dan bintang dengan suhu tersebut memancarkan seluruh gelombang elektromagnetik tetapi intensitas maksimum yang dipancarkan berada pada panjang gelombang infra merah yang dekat ke warna merah, sehingga dengan mata telanjangpun kita dapat melihat bintang ini berwarna kemerahan. </span></div><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; font-size: 16px;">Hal ini berbeda dengan bintang Rigel yang sama-sama merupakan bintang yang terang di rasi Orion, memiliki temperatur efektif sekitar 11.000 K, tentu saja memancarkan seluruh gelombang elektromagnetik juga, tetapi intensitas maksimum yang dipancarkan berada pada panjang gelombang ultra violet yang dekat ke warna biru sehingga dengan mata telanjangpun kita bisa melihat bintang ini berwarna kebiruan.</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmULWnWEhv_BdnYTJqAuaW88Vi_CpxaApkBZ1f7gqqy0QrzEXB7HBluJPxfdVvx4GajZUVK5T0k_MzQJeut9JexOQ4JzwgBaY3dP1_V_YMrarQh_VR89OEVg5uPoXU_MTJd2IIEAnYkrQ/s1600/Orion+-+Betelgeuse.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmULWnWEhv_BdnYTJqAuaW88Vi_CpxaApkBZ1f7gqqy0QrzEXB7HBluJPxfdVvx4GajZUVK5T0k_MzQJeut9JexOQ4JzwgBaY3dP1_V_YMrarQh_VR89OEVg5uPoXU_MTJd2IIEAnYkrQ/s400/Orion+-+Betelgeuse.jpg" width="363" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Rasi Orion, dengan dua bintang terterangnya, Betelgeuse yang kemerahan dan ditunjukkan oleh panah di atas dengan Rigel yang kebiruan ditunjukkan oleh panah di bawah </td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Selain bintang, materi antar bintang yang berupa gas atau debu yang dingin juga memancarkan gelombang elektromagnetik terutama dalam daerah panjang gelombang radio. Inti galaksi yang sangat aktif dapat memancarkan gelombang sinar X atau sinar Gamma, bintang ganda yang salah satu pasangannya adalah <i>black hole</i> dapat memancarkan sinar X, Bintang-bintang muda yang terbentuk di dalam materi antar bintang yang pekat sehingga tidak bisa dilihat teleskop optik mampu terlihat oleh teleskop yang menangkap radiasi inframerah. Jadi betapa banyaknya informasi yang kita terima jika kita mampu menangkap dan menganalisis seluruh panjang gelombang yang ada.</span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqxGlvJnmuRMUJLh5Sf8vzmTX9jH74l2ZuFqvh1wsE64EtK0sPrv07dLI4Pc8-FxNQUVkR7fHE8hO2LuoHbLdKi1bldHz2Xf8d1mVYimH4-Zi7eYzrHkO_QTTTUp9NBf4mfz9_d3zjC-w/s1600/GELEM+in+Universe.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhqxGlvJnmuRMUJLh5Sf8vzmTX9jH74l2ZuFqvh1wsE64EtK0sPrv07dLI4Pc8-FxNQUVkR7fHE8hO2LuoHbLdKi1bldHz2Xf8d1mVYimH4-Zi7eYzrHkO_QTTTUp9NBf4mfz9_d3zjC-w/s400/GELEM+in+Universe.jpg" width="256" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gelombang elektromagnetik dari seluruh alam semesta</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;"><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS52-PRztqvBKzoB1Ol5rBvaMS2o5Y8hu8k32pUuDS94jYIayA8fDG5tw9rAO6oSzgqO2KFT2KAYDHPw_zHQ1HgztVXa_LKCHCdRB51rJ_TATYlzWVTgbqVuKWQ87WpjDMad9GmNJdbdo/s1600/Milky+Way+in+GELEM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="298" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhS52-PRztqvBKzoB1Ol5rBvaMS2o5Y8hu8k32pUuDS94jYIayA8fDG5tw9rAO6oSzgqO2KFT2KAYDHPw_zHQ1HgztVXa_LKCHCdRB51rJ_TATYlzWVTgbqVuKWQ87WpjDMad9GmNJdbdo/s400/Milky+Way+in+GELEM.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Galaksi Bima Sakti yang difoto dalam berbagai macam panjang gelombang, memberikan informasi yang semakin lengkap tentang galaksi kita ini</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top: 6pt;"><span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif;">Betapa besar kekayaan alam semesta yang bisa digali melalui analisis gelombang elektromagnetik. Meskipun ada hambatan yang cukup besar, yaitu ternyata atmosfer Bumi tidak mengijinkan banyak gelombang elektromagnetik melewatinya hingga sampai ke teleskop atau mata pengamat yang ada di Bumi. Atmosfer Bumi hanya mengijinkan gelombang cahaya tampak dan gelombang radio saja yang lewat (disebut jendela radio dan jendela optik). Meskipun biayanya miliaran dolar, manusia dengan segala keingintahuannya akan alam semesta meluncurkan berbagai macam satelit dan teleskop ke ruang angkasa agar dapat menangkap kekayaan alam semesta yang disampaikan melalui gelombang elektromagnetik yang tersebar di ruang angkasa.</span></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaFHaOAqZJqssVTZRflo_5sR8gmYrt4Rd_7KgiBklU6_XDaXup-nled519LQu7U3LsTw3cllfpvPz_aS29078RUYxmsX3mZyV3zNv1_0Y0culnGRTpM7wG6EGvdFq73T8wBe3K_moUmsY/s1600/GELEM+dan+Atmosfer.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgaFHaOAqZJqssVTZRflo_5sR8gmYrt4Rd_7KgiBklU6_XDaXup-nled519LQu7U3LsTw3cllfpvPz_aS29078RUYxmsX3mZyV3zNv1_0Y0culnGRTpM7wG6EGvdFq73T8wBe3K_moUmsY/s400/GELEM+dan+Atmosfer.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Jendela optik pada atmosfer Bumi (Kredit: Wikipedia)</td></tr>
</tbody></table></div>Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-13063386241135399792011-12-16T17:12:00.006+07:002011-12-20T09:40:22.921+07:00Kurir Lain Sebagai Pusat Informasi Alam Semesta<div style="text-align: justify;">Seperti yang sudah dituliskan pada <a href="http://soal-olim-astro.blogspot.com/2011/12/tulisan-tentang-astronomi.html">tulisan yang lalu</a>, satu hal yang paling penting dalam astronomi adalah kemampuan untuk mengumpulkan, mencatat dan mengolah 'kurir' yang berasal dari langit (dan benda langit) yang mencapai Bumi, yaitu gelombang elektromagnetik. Apakah informasi yang diterima oleh para astronom hanya berasal dari gelombang elektromagnetik saja? Ternyata tidak! Ada 'kurir' lain yang bisa diotak-atik oleh para astronom selain gelombang elektromagnetik. Apakah itu? Diantaranya adalah :</div><ol><li>Sinar Kosmik</li>
<li>Partikel Neutrino</li>
<li>Gelombang Gravitasi</li>
</ol><div><b><u>Sinar Kosmik</u></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Yang disebut sinar kosmik sebenarnya bukanlah sinar, tetapi pancaran partikel bermuatan yang berenergi tinggi (dan juga berenergi rendah) yang datang dari seluruh penjuru alam semesta, dapat berupa proton, elektron, proton atau inti berat seperti besi. Berasal dari proses-proses energi tinggi seperti inti galaksi atau supernova. Sekitar 89% yang mencapai Bumi adalah proton, 10% partikel alfa (inti helium) dan 1% elektron atau inti berat lainnya, juga diamati ada yang berupa anti materi (anti proton dan juga anti elektron/positron). Pengamatan terhadap sinar kosmik dapat memberikan informasi mengenai proses-proses yang menghasilkan energi tinggi yang ada di alam semesta.</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlvBjWMEfXQ2rOnPyp69yETXrdKWxs8PKdObEoHg6e6m1F5-VqbkjAT0lwcbwd8xHii7TskSLik8kIOjP_F_R1vp1iv7ZwLb5QWTN-pYeDu8pBJtWbfBGJn_E5DvgSBr_uIZ1AB8Ev_jM/s1600/Moon_gamma_rays_egret_instrument_cgro.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="320" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjlvBjWMEfXQ2rOnPyp69yETXrdKWxs8PKdObEoHg6e6m1F5-VqbkjAT0lwcbwd8xHii7TskSLik8kIOjP_F_R1vp1iv7ZwLb5QWTN-pYeDu8pBJtWbfBGJn_E5DvgSBr_uIZ1AB8Ev_jM/s320/Moon_gamma_rays_egret_instrument_cgro.jpg" width="318" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Bulan seperti yang terlihat oleh <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compton_Gamma_Ray_Observatory">Compton Gamma Ray Observatory</a> dalam energi sinar gamma yang lebih besar dari 20 MeV. Ini dihasilkan karena permukaan bulan dibombardir oleh sinar kosmik (Kredit : Wikipedia)</span></td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;">Sinar kosmik ini dapat merusak makhluk hidup karena langsung merusak struktur di dalam sel, terutama menyebabkan kerusakan membran sel dan juga DNA.</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCmMhUSP9a8xaX2RvhCUNEA1cx43OC_sq8nBmUmgSseqzfWT43oOoalt_3QQsB5rdz5kXtBVIQm1_A1lq-k_JKwDLWqCim72bzKP6q3DhsYiZC7PCZ8ETuHqqP_5op3VMHExS3-vpNao8/s1600/Kerusakan+DNA+oleh+Sinar+Kosmik.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="285" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiCmMhUSP9a8xaX2RvhCUNEA1cx43OC_sq8nBmUmgSseqzfWT43oOoalt_3QQsB5rdz5kXtBVIQm1_A1lq-k_JKwDLWqCim72bzKP6q3DhsYiZC7PCZ8ETuHqqP_5op3VMHExS3-vpNao8/s400/Kerusakan+DNA+oleh+Sinar+Kosmik.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Ilustrasi kerusakan DNA oleh sinar kosmik</td></tr>
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAApyxdFd3lD9eANIK8PADLE3f09dOiAZHJ9Mzq-OYI0DI2mkIR3GkW9RHyNglFlO-p9UvBQhr5ESfOBfWaNFDhrZWza1hFAw13Rjvx0rZeE9k0fMvj_EgR7rHPSkiJGHXVT3j0CqSXhc/s1600/Biji+alfalfa+yang+terkena+sinar+kosmik.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="190" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAApyxdFd3lD9eANIK8PADLE3f09dOiAZHJ9Mzq-OYI0DI2mkIR3GkW9RHyNglFlO-p9UvBQhr5ESfOBfWaNFDhrZWza1hFAw13Rjvx0rZeE9k0fMvj_EgR7rHPSkiJGHXVT3j0CqSXhc/s400/Biji+alfalfa+yang+terkena+sinar+kosmik.jpg" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gambar diatas adalah Biji Alfalfa (Medicago Sativa) yang diperbesar ribuan kali. Gambar A adalah biji yang ada di Bumi dan gambar B adalah biji yang telah dibawa ke luar angkasa yang sudah terkena sinar kosmik. Ada lubang (tanda panah) pada sel Alfalfa yang dihasilkan oleh hantaman sinar kosmik pada biji tersebut</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;">Beruntung Bumi dilindungi oleh atmosfir dan medan magnetik Bumi, jika tidak maka kehidupan di Bumi ini bisa musnah hanya oleh sinar kosmik. Partikel sinar kosmik ketika memasuki atmosfir dapat berinteraksi dengan gas-gas seperti oksigen dan nitrogen dan juga terbawa oleh medan magnetik Bumi ke arah kutub dan partikel-partikel ini akan bergerak secara spiral sehingga kehilangan banyak energinya.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div>LAPAN di Bandung pada tahun 2011 ini mengadakan satu proyek yang bekerjasama dengan International Space Station (ISS) yang mengorbit Bumi pada ketinggian 278-460 km. LAPAN mengirimkan sekitar 800 biji tomat kering yang berasal dari SITH-FMIPA ITB dan diluncurkan oleh roket H-2B dari Tanegeshima Space Center pada hari Sabtu, 22 Januari 2011 untuk disimpan di ISS sehingga terkena sinar kosmik dari luar angkasa selama 180 hari, dan biji-biji tersebut kini telah kembali ke Indonesia dan dibagikan kepada sekitar 50 sekolah sehingga pelajar dapat meneliti dampak lingkungan antariksa (sinar kosmik dan mikrogravitasi) terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman tomat tersebut terhadap tomat yang normal.<br />
<div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLRSnnKc-NLtDIklZXD_ydMVY7Fp6f1NTGF_IenjHbV_nL67Ad7w63B3grjffRhipTLz3s9F_JgdchrVi-iwmyVV0PmOxtSabWwpAghZrSJOnQlnmjoy5pV4MkVuyc4xMywgUw4ywfV-c/s1600/SSAF+Mission+-+Tomat.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="273" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLRSnnKc-NLtDIklZXD_ydMVY7Fp6f1NTGF_IenjHbV_nL67Ad7w63B3grjffRhipTLz3s9F_JgdchrVi-iwmyVV0PmOxtSabWwpAghZrSJOnQlnmjoy5pV4MkVuyc4xMywgUw4ywfV-c/s400/SSAF+Mission+-+Tomat.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><br />
<b><u>Partikel Neutrino</u></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Neutrino adalah partikel yang sangat kecil, tidak bermuatan, hampir tidak memiliki massa, bergerak hampir secepat cahaya dan memiliki interaksi yang sangat rendah dengan partikel-partikel lain. Keberadaan partikel ini sudah diramalkan oleh Wolfgang Pauli di tahun 1930 tetapi baru terbukti eksistensinya tahun 1956 oleh Clyde Cowan, Frederick Reines, dkk. (dan mereka mendapat nobel tahun 1995 karenanya). Ada tiga macam neutrino, yaitu elektron neutrino, muon neutrino dan tau neutrino. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Berdasarkan teori-teori yang ada, reaksi inti yang terjadi di Matahari menghasilkan neutrino elektron, dan karena neutrino hampir tidak berinteraksi dengan materi yang lain maka neutrino matahari yang mencapai Bumi adalah neutrino asli yang berasal dari pusat Matahari, tanpa terpengaruh setiap lapisan Matahari, atmosfir Bumi maupun medan magnet Bumi. Jika astronom sanggup mendeteksi neutrino ini, maka reaksi ini yang ada di pusat Matahari dapat diamati secara langsung. Bandingkan dengan sebuah foton hasil reaksi inti dipusat Matahari, untuk mencapai permukaan Matahari saja satu foton mungkin memerlukan waktu sampai jutaan tahun karena interaksi dan penyerapan dengan partikel lain, sehingga pengamatan neutrino (meskipun sangat sulit) diharapkan mampu menggambarkan reaksi sebenarnya yang terjadi di pusat Matahari. </span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9BiKDAtHcSzL85XBjb-pLz-XFZa1LSXqdCxyrgpGTXzjp6BL7xvQXhI_o_11es-qg26svfaTJ8-14IXh74GrNAFaHZxlpdqie_LnpR10L25sqE4NIi0vmaGEL758B3TLpe25oOFGEN34/s1600/Proton_proton_cycle.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="278" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9BiKDAtHcSzL85XBjb-pLz-XFZa1LSXqdCxyrgpGTXzjp6BL7xvQXhI_o_11es-qg26svfaTJ8-14IXh74GrNAFaHZxlpdqie_LnpR10L25sqE4NIi0vmaGEL758B3TLpe25oOFGEN34/s400/Proton_proton_cycle.png" width="400" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Reaksi Proton-proton yang terjadi di pusat bintang deret utama seperti Matahari yang menghasilkan neutrino <br />
(Kredit: Wikipedia)</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;">Selain di inti bintang, partikel ini juga berasal dari ledakan supernova dan juga menurut teori dihasilkan saat dua detik setelah big bang, sehingga pengamatan pada neutrino latar belakang dapat memberi informasi tentang big bang. Salah satu implikasi besar dari keberadaan neutrino yang selalu dihasilkan di pusat bintang dan sejak awal Big Bang adalah alam semesta ini dipenuhi oleh banyak sekali neutrino sehingga nasib alam semesta (menurut teori Big Bang) juga harus memperhitungkan massa neutrino ini.</span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 16px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><b><u>Gelombang Gravitasi</u></b></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Gelombang ini merupakan salah satu efek dari teori relativitas umum Einstein yang diprediksikan sejak tahun 1916. Secara teoritis adalah pancaran energi secara dalam bentuk radiasi gravitasi, dimana sampai sekarang pendeteksiannya belum dapat dilakukan, tetapi jika bisa terdeteksi maka beberapa informasi bisa diperoleh, misalnya massa dan pergerakan sistem yang tidak bisa terdeteksi melalui gelombang elektromagnetik. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;"><br />
</span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: inherit;">Meskipun tidak terdeteksi secara langsung, secara tidak langsung efek ini sudah diamati, pertama kali oleh Russell Alan Hulse dan Joseph Hooton Taylor, Jr., dari Universitas Princeton di tahun 1974 yang mengamati pasangan bintang ganda yang berupa bintang neutron yang disebut PSR B1913+16. Pasangan bintang neutron ini memancarkan gravitasi yang sangat besar sehingga orbitnya makin lama semakin kehilangan energi yang dideteksi sebagai semakin mendekatnya kedua bintang neutron ini (mengalami <i>orbital decay) </i>dan hasil pengamatan ini sesuai dengan yang diprediksikan oleh Teori Relativitas Umum Einstein mengenai radiasi gravitasi. Karena hal ini, mereka mendapatkan nobel Fisika di tahun 1993.</span></span></div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNltpWmsXTD101SMyQGB7BKeMs55IAzvMw-cvlwUBNC6o54dspJcB543vz4fIoWTzBUMY19g_nZXzwqFTcGj-Tc_jYulipR3xgxmrskIl91rJEochu8rctT_L2W-Q63jhPL8GkuRptzPU/s1600/PSR_B1913%252B16_period_shift_graph.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjNltpWmsXTD101SMyQGB7BKeMs55IAzvMw-cvlwUBNC6o54dspJcB543vz4fIoWTzBUMY19g_nZXzwqFTcGj-Tc_jYulipR3xgxmrskIl91rJEochu8rctT_L2W-Q63jhPL8GkuRptzPU/s400/PSR_B1913%252B16_period_shift_graph.jpg" width="337" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;"><i>Orbital decay</i> pada PSR B1913+16 yang diamati sepanjang 30 tahun (Kredit : Wikipedia)</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;">Secara langsung gelombang gravitasi belum bisa dideteksi tetapi jika bisa terdeteksi maka akan menambah kekayaan pengenalan manusia akan alam semesta ini. </div><div style="text-align: justify;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"></div><br />
</div>Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-39196050689034136802011-12-11T22:18:00.000+07:002011-12-11T22:18:45.997+07:00Tulisan tentang Astronomi<div style="text-align: justify;">Ada satu kesulitan yang besar dalam ilmu astronomi, yaitu objek penelitian yang dipelajari oleh Astronom tidak terjangkau oleh sang peneliti. Objek-objek tersebut misalnya :</div><div style="text-align: justify;">1. Objek-objek dalam tata surya (Matahari, planet, satelit, planet minor, planet kerdil, dll)</div><div style="text-align: justify;">2. Objek-objek di luar Tata Surya (Bintang-bintang, black hole, pulsar, galaksi, dll)</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCEGCRVb-yhwpJDZJcFI2jkm-S4N-hMwFaqwEZygcvi3n2AQ5C0BL0X3iSitjSjrzHtGAN7AS90zbNVpbwcY8UCbIp1o35-R8Ig3U0zFcK7j_AKeAm6jxHyYPxPMPQL3O7OROegoKWo-8/s1600/starry-sky-washington_25309_990x742.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="240" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCEGCRVb-yhwpJDZJcFI2jkm-S4N-hMwFaqwEZygcvi3n2AQ5C0BL0X3iSitjSjrzHtGAN7AS90zbNVpbwcY8UCbIp1o35-R8Ig3U0zFcK7j_AKeAm6jxHyYPxPMPQL3O7OROegoKWo-8/s320/starry-sky-washington_25309_990x742.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Objek-objek langit yang bertaburan di angkasa</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;">Pada beberapa dasawarsa belakangan ini dengan kemajuan teknologi, manusia kini dapat mencapai Bulan, Mars, Venus dan asteroid untuk meneliti langsung objek-objek tersebut dengan menggunakan robot yang dikirim kesana. Juga beberapa objek yang lebih jauh sudah bisa didekati secara langsung, misalnya Jupiter, Saturnus, Uranus dan Neptunus dengan menggunakan wahana ruang angkasa sehingga pengamatan bisa lebih akurat. Tetapi semua ini hanyalah sebagian yang sangat-sangat kecil dari keseluruhan alam semesta yang sangat-sangat besar.</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGjnr4rRBxxW515qbRbY1dS4846UDADm-SzRlbHpUHRvWEsrCINsGMUZ5E2UlVV3uUIbcWv_ce4hM3EFFec8_lobDNFhCiaocrLspSgFn4gGtGrcNC434F2cSnnDy-IFBMDt72cCs8ld4/s1600/Sojourner_on_Mars_PIA01122.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="294" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjGjnr4rRBxxW515qbRbY1dS4846UDADm-SzRlbHpUHRvWEsrCINsGMUZ5E2UlVV3uUIbcWv_ce4hM3EFFec8_lobDNFhCiaocrLspSgFn4gGtGrcNC434F2cSnnDy-IFBMDt72cCs8ld4/s320/Sojourner_on_Mars_PIA01122.jpg" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Sojourner, salah satu robot yang meneliti permukaan planet Mars secara langsung</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;">Meskipun bintang-bintang adalah objek-objek yang sangat-sangat jauh tetapi kita beruntung karena ada sesuatu dari bintang yang dapat mencapai Bumi, apakah itu? Jawabannya adalah gelombang elektromagnetik! Inilah kurir paling utama yang membawa 'pesan' mengenai objek langit yang tidak terjangkau itu.</div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1PK83DgLtV8RwLXHCwHRVn59aVy3QGE75PVdvVpMdUjfMB6XPKusz5WdFoyBirjrYl_ugjex-K_MsXVgxIKzt5W6hwIaCDzeq77uQ3IHexgNrpLHO50ThEA0LK53DQ0HzzXRm15y86lM/s1600/GELEM.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="280" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg1PK83DgLtV8RwLXHCwHRVn59aVy3QGE75PVdvVpMdUjfMB6XPKusz5WdFoyBirjrYl_ugjex-K_MsXVgxIKzt5W6hwIaCDzeq77uQ3IHexgNrpLHO50ThEA0LK53DQ0HzzXRm15y86lM/s400/GELEM.jpg" width="400" /></a></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Kurir yang satu ini sangat-sangat berharga sehingga para astronom yang meneliti alam semesta memperlakukannya dengan sangat-sangat spesial. Dengan berhati-hati, gelombang elektromagnetik ini dikumpulkan dengan berbagai cara, kemudian dipilah-pilah dengan berbagai cara, lalu diukur dengan sangat teliti dengan berbagai cara, kemudian diolah dengan berbagai cara dan dari pengolahan tersebut diambil kesimpulan-kesimpulan dengan hati-hati dan logis sehingga menghasilkan berbagai hal yang dapat menjelaskan obyek-obyek yang sangat-sangat jauh tersebut.</div><div style="text-align: justify;"><br />
</div><div style="text-align: justify;">Satu hal lain yang membuat para astronom beruntung adalah gelombang elektromagnetik sebenarnya adalah gelombang yang memiliki rentang yang sangat-sangat besar, dari panjang gelombang yang lebih kecil dari sepertriliun meter sampai yang lebih besar dari seratus ribu meter (woow...) dan sebuah bintang (atau objek-objek langit lainnya) memancarkan seluruh rentang gelombang elektromagnetik tersebut, sehingga para Astronom dapat memperoleh informasi yang sangat lengkap jika menganalisis objek tersebut dalam seluruh panjang gelombang yang ada.</div><table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="tr-caption-container" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;"><tbody>
<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_Po6deazxKuvZ5ak0KkXvIFhpkCVFKbNDYIIRLgKKmfsYBtGj_mL0KywNNvNWpVHc_fuGoM1uXRS3CGhxRXs7AL2DKva8otC8p0TwAtlNfOdnAQReu6K6T75FOoRq67-O1nliPweYU8U/s1600/GELEM+di+Alam+semesta.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img border="0" height="400" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_Po6deazxKuvZ5ak0KkXvIFhpkCVFKbNDYIIRLgKKmfsYBtGj_mL0KywNNvNWpVHc_fuGoM1uXRS3CGhxRXs7AL2DKva8otC8p0TwAtlNfOdnAQReu6K6T75FOoRq67-O1nliPweYU8U/s400/GELEM+di+Alam+semesta.jpg" width="257" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Gelombang elektromagnetik yang dipancarkan dari berbagai objek-objek di alam semesta</td></tr>
</tbody></table><div style="text-align: justify;">Maka hal yang paling penting dalam astronomi adalah bagaimana :</div><div style="text-align: justify;"></div><ol><li>Mengumpulkan gelombang elektromagnetik, alatnya disebut KOLEKTOR</li>
<li>Menyimpan data hasil kolektor, alatnya disebut DETEKTOR</li>
<li>Mengolah data yang disimpan tersebut dengan berbagai cara, disebut MENGANALISIS</li>
<li>Mengambil kesimpulan dari hasil pengolahan data, disebut MENARIK KESIMPULAN</li>
<li>Mencocokkan kesimpulan dengan teori yang telah ada atau membangun teori yang baru dari kesimpulan yang diperoleh</li>
<li>Melaporkan hasil-hasil yang telah diperoleh</li>
</ol><div>Setidaknya itulah pekerjaan para astronom. Ada yang mengerjakan semua hal tersebut di atas, ada yang hanya mengerjakan sebagian, misalnya hanya mengumpulkan dan menyimpan data lalu sisanya dikerjakan oleh orang lain, ada juga astronom teori yang membangun teori-teori dari data atau kesimpulan yang ada, ada yang membuat detektor atau kolektor yang semakin canggih dan akuran, dan lain-lain. Melalui pekerjaan yang sedemikian itulah kita dapat memahami alam semesta ini dengan semakin baik.</div><div><br />
</div><div>Pertanyaan yang sama seringkali diajukan kepada mahasiswa ataupun para lulusan jurusan Astronomi ITB (hanya satu-satunya di Indonesia), yaitu "Setelah lulus nanti mau jadi apa?". Ini adalah pertanyaan yang sering juga tidak bisa dijawab secara langsung oleh para mahasiswa maupun alumni jurusan astronomi. </div><div><br />
</div><div>Jika saya ditanya demikian maka jawaban saya ada dua, yaitu : Pertama, setelah lulus saya bisa menjadi apa saja karena dalam jurusan Astronomi kami dilatih untuk menjadi tekun, berhati-hati, menganalisis dengan matematika dan fisika yang rumit-rumit, belajar menarik kesimpulan, belajar melaporkan hasil pengamatan. Hal-hal tersebut menjadi dasar untuk banyak pekerjaan lainnya di dunia ini sehingga kita siap untuk masuk ke berbagai bidang yang lain. </div><div><br />
</div><div>Jawaban yang kedua berkaitan dengan astronomi, yaitu kita bisa memahami lebih banyak mengenai keberadaan alam semesta yang begitu misterius dan tidak terjangkau ini, banyak hal-hal yang menambah kekaguman kita akan Pencipta alam semesta ini, banyak hal-hal yang selalu baru dan tidak terduga tentang alam semesta ini dan masih banyak lagi hal-hal yang lebih dahsyatdan ajaib yang akan kita peroleh melalui mempelajari alam semesta ini. Jawaban kedua inilah salah satu alasan dasar bagi saya memilih jurusan yang langka ini dan saya terus menikmati alasan ini sampai sekarang.</div>Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-42541953172892648832011-11-05T16:56:00.000+07:002011-11-12T18:43:43.957+07:00Solusi Soal Olimpiade Astronomi Provinsi 2008Silahkan diunduh dan dipelajari.<br />
Link unduh 4shared <a href="http://www.4shared.com/file/Pe3P0rLp/Solusi_Olimpiade_Astronomi_Pro.html">disini</a>.<br />
Link Unduh Scribd.com :<br />
<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/71677163/Solusi-Olimpiade-Astronomi-Provinsi-2008" style="-x-system-font: none; display: block; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 12px auto 6px auto; text-decoration: underline;" title="View Solusi Olimpiade Astronomi Provinsi 2008 on Scribd">Solusi Olimpiade Astronomi Provinsi 2008</a><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.772727272727273" data-auto-height="true" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_79345" scrolling="no" src="http://www.scribd.com/embeds/71677163/content?start_page=1&view_mode=list&access_key=key-1vxehb39xtr3fl1zha72" width="100%"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">
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</script>Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-44810123271828084572011-11-03T04:01:00.000+07:002011-11-03T04:02:14.640+07:00Penanggalan Kalender dan Waktu<a title="View Modul Olim Astro (Rev) - Waktu Dan Kalender on Scribd" href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/71298260/Modul-Olim-Astro-Rev-Waktu-Dan-Kalender" style="margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block; text-decoration: underline;">Modul Olim Astro (Rev) - Waktu Dan Kalender</a><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" src="http://www.scribd.com/embeds/71298260/content?start_page=1&view_mode=list&access_key=key-loh38uizlfimjhkcrc8" data-auto-height="true" data-aspect-ratio="0.772727272727273" scrolling="no" id="doc_22911" width="100%" height="600" frameborder="0"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">(function() { var scribd = document.createElement("script"); scribd.type = "text/javascript"; scribd.async = true; scribd.src = "http://www.scribd.com/javascripts/embed_code/inject.js"; var s = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(scribd, s); })();</script>Mariano Nathanaelhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/13328209090256963428noreply@blogger.com03900 Rd, Coffeyville, KS 67337, USA37.09024 -95.71289111.6301275 -136.1425785 62.5503525 -55.2832035tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6578958364594162146.post-88813084754610327562011-10-06T11:19:00.001+07:002011-10-08T10:43:57.351+07:00Soal teori OSN Astronomi 2011Silahkan dipelajari soal OSN tahun 2011 ini, saya dapat dari situs Astrojay.com.<br />
Link unduh 4shared : <a href="http://www.4shared.com/document/HHEr4eWb/SOAL_OSN2011_TEORI_DITBINSMA_2.html">SOAL OSN ASTRO 2011</a><br />
Link Unduh Minus : <a href="http://minus.com/dxZkUIA5LW0u1.pdf">SOAL OSN ASTRO 2011</a><br />
Lihat/Unduh lewat Scribd.com<br />
<a href="http://www.scribd.com/doc/67971665/Soal-Osn2011-Teori-Ditbinsma" style="-x-system-font: none; display: block; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-size-adjust: none; font-size: 14px; font-stretch: normal; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; line-height: normal; margin: 12px auto 6px auto; text-decoration: underline;" title="View Soal Osn2011 Teori Ditbinsma on Scribd">Soal Osn2011 Teori Ditbinsma</a><iframe class="scribd_iframe_embed" data-aspect-ratio="0.707514450867052" data-auto-height="true" frameborder="0" height="600" id="doc_96587" scrolling="no" src="http://www.scribd.com/embeds/67971665/content?start_page=1&view_mode=list&access_key=key-2gy9k2xui6spstxcyg5a" width="100%"></iframe><script type="text/javascript">
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